year = 2018               # integer
float = 454.09            # floating point
message = "Hello World!"  # string

# Comment on a single line

'''
     Block comments
     Everything in here will be
     treated as a comment
'''

year = 2018
age = 10
result = year + age

'''
     + : Addition             - : Subtraction
     * : Multiplication       / : Division
     % : Modulus Division     **: Exponent
'''

result += 50   # Addition assignment operator
result -= 18   # Subtraction assignment operator

year = 2018

if year < 2018:
    print "Before 2018"
elif year > 2018:
    print "After 2018"
else:
    print "The year is 2018!"

'''
    == : Equal to                   != : Not Equal to
    >  : Greater than               <  : Less than
    >= : Greater than or equal to   <= : Less than or equal to
'''

num = 0

# While Loop
while (num < 10):
    num += 1

# For Loop
# iterates from 0 (inclusive) to 100 (exclusive)
for i in range(0, 100):
    num += 1

# See List section to easily iterate through list elements

grades = [97, 84, 89, 93]
print grades[0]    # prints 97

grades[1] = 90     # changes grade 84 to 90

grades.append(95)  # puts 95 at the end of the list (index 4)
grades.remove(90)  # remoeve cases of 90 from the list
grades.insert(0, 99)  # insert value 99 at the index 0

# print out every grade
for grade in grades:  # iterates through every item in list
    print grade       # "grade" is the current element

# get a section of the list
foo = grades[1:3]   # [first:last]
                    # returns sublist from index 1 (inclusive)
                    # to index 3 (exclusive) of grades list
bar = grades[2:]    # returns sublist from index 2 (inclusive)
                    # to end of grades list

def maxValue(num1, num2):
    if num1 > num2:
        return num1
    else:
        return num2

print maxValue(5, 10)  # prints 10

class Person:
    name = "Default Name"
    age = 0

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def sayHello(self):
        print "Hello!"

friend = Person("Austin", 21)
print friend.name  # prints "Austin"
friend.sayHello()  # prints "Hello!"